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Toggle permissions below, or enter an octal value directly.
| Read | Write | Execute | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Owner | |||
| Group | |||
| Other |
Or enter an octal value to set the checkboxes:
On Linux, macOS and other Unix-like systems, every file and folder has three sets of permissions: for the owner (user), the group, and others (everyone else). Each set can allow read (r), write (w) and execute (x). For folders, “execute” means being able to enter the folder and reach the files inside.
The chmod command sets these, either in symbolic form (rwxr-xr-x) or as a three-digit octal number (755). This calculator converts between the two either way.
Each permission has a value: read = 4, write = 2, execute = 1. Add them up for each group to get one digit:
The three digits are owner, group and other, in that order. So chmod 755 file gives the owner full control while everyone else can read and run it but not change it.
An optional first digit sets special bits: 4 = setuid, 2 = setgid, 1 = sticky. Sticky is used on shared folders like /tmp so people can't delete each other's files. This calculator handles the standard three digits.
SSH refuses private keys that other users can read. Fix it with chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 (or your key's filename) and chmod 700 ~/.ssh.
chmod -R 755 folder applies them recursively, but that also makes every file executable. A common safer pattern is 755 for directories and 644 for files, using find with -type d and -type f separately.
Not natively. Windows uses access control lists instead. chmod applies inside WSL, Git Bash or on Linux servers you connect to.